Bibliography

Primary Sources

Manuscripts

Note: Four major manuscript collections incorporating substantial numbers of Samuel J. May letters have been used in this study. They are the papers of Henry Barnard, Horace Mann, Gerrit Smith, and Andrew D. White as cited below. Aside from the significant number of letters grouped in these collections, the Samuel J. May papers are scattered widely in various libraries and depositories. The author has searched manuscript collections in more than 20 universities, libraries, and historical societies as detailed in the preface. Almost all of them yielded useful material. May corresponded so widely with the reform leaders of his day that almost any representative collection can be expected to produce at least one or two letters from him. References to these single letters are cited in the footnotes together with their current locations, but are not included below.

Henry Barnard Papers, New York University.

Horace Mann Paper, Massachusetts Historical Society.

Gerrit Smith Papers, Gerrit Smith Miller Collection, Syracuse University.

Andrew D. White Papers, Cornell University.

Samuel J. May Diaries, scattered volumes from 1859 through 1871, Cornell University.

Samuel J. May, "The Causes and Diversities of the National Character," unpublished prize entry in the Bowdoin Competition, 1814. Harvard University.

Samuel J. May, College Records. Includes records of books taken from college library, records of infractions of college rules, and undergraduate appointments as proctor, etc. Harvard University.

"Class of 1817." Ms. volume includes reports of class reunions. Harvard University.

Dudley Phelps "History of the Unitarian Society, 1838 to 1845," Circa 1874. Unpublished Ms. in the file of May Memorial Unitarian Church, Onondaga Historical Association, Syracuse, New York.

Second Minute Book, Unitarian Congregationa1 Society in Syracuse(Church of the Messiah), 1845 to 1890. Ms. volume preserved with other miscellaneous church records under society's name at First Trust and Deposit Co., Syracuse, New York.

"Journal of School District No. 5." Ms. volume covering the period from January 26, 1839, through August 2, 1848. Office of the Syracuse Board of Education, Syracuse, New York.

Minutes of the Syracuse Board of Education. Ms. volumes including the years 1848, 1849, and 1850. Office of the Syracuse Board of Education, Syracuse, New York.

Power, Mary L. F. "The Pastorate of the Rev. Samuel Joseph May at the South Parish of Scituate, 1836-1842," Circa 1873. Unpublished Ms. in Samuel J. May file, Onondaga Historical Association, Syracuse, New York.

Official Documents and Publications

Brown et. a1. v. Board of Education of Topeka. et. al., 347 U. S. 483. May 17, 1954.

Annual Report of the Clerk of the Board of Education of the City of Syracuse for the year ending March 14^th, 1857. By George L. Farnham, Clerk of the Board. Syracuse: Daily Journal Office, 1857.

Regulations of the Board of Education of the City of Syracuse (as revised March 4, 1858). Syracuse: F. L. Hagadorn, 1858.

Eleventh Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Schools of the City of Syracuse for the year ending March 15, 1859. Syracuse Daily Journal, 1859.

Twentieth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Schools of the City of Syracuse for the year ending March 3, 1868. Syracuse: B. Herman Smith, 1868.

First and Second Annual report of the New York Central College Buildings, McGrawville, July, 4, 1849 and 1850. Utica: Roberts and Sherman, 1850.

Laws of Harvard College for the Use of the Students at Cambridge. Cambridge: University Press, 1814.

Newspapers and Periodicals

Publications are included below in which a run of the files over a period of time was useful in this work. Special references from individual newspapers are otherwise cited separately in the footnotes.

Christian Monitor and Common People’s Adviser. Brooklyn, Connecticut, 1832-1833.

Christian Register. Boston, 1828-1830.

Common School Journal. Boston, 1839, 1840, 1843, 1845.

District School Journal. Albany, 1844-1848.

Niles Weekly Register. Baltimore, 1820.

Onondaga Standard. Syracuse, 1846-1848.

Religious Recorder. Syracuse, 1845.

Syracuse Daily Journal, 1847, 1865-1871.

Syracuse Daily Standard, 1851-1854, 1865-1871.

Teachers' Advocate, Syracuse, 1845-1847.

Contemporary Periodical Articles

Alcott, Bronson. "Pestalozzi's Principles and Methods of Instruction." American Journal of Education, IV, March and April, 1829, pp. 97-107.

Barnard, Henry. "Samuel J. May, An American Educational Biography," The American Journal of Education, XVI, 1866, pp. 141-145.

Hawes, Joel. "Formation and Excellence of Female Character," Teachers' Advocate, I, April 15, 1846, p. 502.

May, Samuel, Jr. "Colonel Joseph May, 1760-1841," New England Historical and Genealogical Register and Antiquarian Journal, xxxvii, April, 1873, pp. 113-121.

Whittier, John Greenleaf. "The Antislavery Convention of, l833," Atlantic Monthly, XXXIII, February, 1874, pp. 166-172.

Wilbur, Harvey. "Object Instruction System," American Journal of Education, XV, 1855, pp. 191-208.

"Common Schools in Connecticut," American Journal of Education, V, 1858, pp.114-117.

"The Isms of Forty Years Ago," Harpers Monthly, LX, January, 1880, pp. 182-192.

Diaries, Letters, Memorials, Memoirs, Pamphlets and Sermons

Barrows, S. J. (ed.). Life and Letters of Thomas J. Mumford with Memorial Tributes. Boston: G. H. Ellis, 1879.

Clarke, James Freeman. Memorial and Biographical Sketches. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1878.

Channing, William Ellery. Observations on the Proposition for Increasing the Means of Theological Education at the University in Cambridge. Cambridge: Hilliard and Metcalf, 1816.

Dwight, Timothy. " Boston at the Beginning of the 19th Century," Old South Leaflets, VI, pp. 126-150. Boston: Directors of the Old South Work; Old South Meeting House, Circa 1820.

Emerson, George Barrell. Reminiscences of an Old Teacher. Boston: Alfred Mudge and Son, 1878.

Fitch, Charles E. In Memoriam, Samuel Joseph May. Syracuse: Journal Office, 1871.

Greenwood, Francis William Pitt. A good old age (a sermon preached at King’s Chapel, March 7, 1841, on the death of Joseph May, Esq., aged 81 years). Boston: S. N. Dickinson, 1841.

Hill, Benjamin Thomas. "Life at Harvard A Century Ago as Illustrated by the Letters and Papers of Stephen Salisbury, Class of 1817," Benjamin Thomas. "Life at Harvard A Century Ago as Illustrated by the Letters and Papers. Of Stephen Salisbury, Class of 1817," Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society (1909-1910). Worcester: Publication of the Society, 1911.

Hooper, James. Fifty Years in School. Syracuse: C. W. Bardeen, 1900.

Howe, M. A. DeWolfe. The Life and Letters of George Bancroft, Vol. I. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1908.

Mann, Mary Peabody. Life of Horace Mann. Boston: Walker, Fuller and Company, 1865.

May, Joseph. William Lloyd Garrison, a Commemorative Discourse Preached at the First Unitarian Church, Philadelphia. Boston: G. H. Ellis, 1879.

Mumford, Thomas (ed.). Memoir of Samuel Joseph May. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1873.

Norton, Arthur O. (ed.). The First State Normal School in America : The Journals of Cyrus Peirce and Mary Swift, Vol. I (Harvard Documents in the History of Education). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1926.

Tiffany, Nina Moore. Samuel E. Sewall, A Memoir. New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1898.

Tilden, William P. "He Was A Good Man," Services in Honor of Samuel Joseph May. Boston: George H. Ellis, 1886.

A Sermon Preached in Brooklyn, Connecticut, at the Installation of the Rev. Samuel Joseph May, November 5, 1823, by James Walker of Charlestown. Boston: John B. Russell, 1824.

Weiss, John. Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker, Vol. 1. New York: Appleton and Company, 1864.

Discussion of the Doctrine of the Trinity Between Luther Lee, Wesleyan Minister, and Samuel J. May, Unitarian Minister, Reported by Lucius C. Matlack. Syracuse: Wesleyan Book Room, 1854.

A Memorial Study, Samuel Joseph May, by His Son, Joseph May, at the Meeting Celebrating the 100^th Anniversary of May’s Birth, in May Memorial Church, October 25, 1897. Boston: George H. Ellis, 1898

Publications of Samuel Joseph May

Note: Listed here are only the publications pertinent to this study. May published widely in many fields, though no reliable bibliography of his works has been published.

May, Samuel Joseph. "Common Errors in Education," American Journal of Education, IV (May and June), 1829, pp. 213-225.

May, Samuel Joseph. Address to the Parents and Guardians of children respecting common schools in Windham County. by G. Sharpe. S. J. May, and J. A. Welch. Brooklyn: Monitor Office, 1832. (This document was actually written by May alone.)

May, Samuel Joseph. The Right of Colored People to Education, Vindicated. Letters to Andrew T. Judson, Esq. and Others in Canterbury, Remonstrating with Them on Their Unjust and Unjustifiable Procedure Relative to Miss Crandall and Her School for Colored Females. Brooklyn: Advertiser Press, 1833.

May, Samuel Joseph. . A Sermon Preached at Hingham, March 18, 1837. Being the Sunday After the Death of Mrs. Cecilia Brooks. Hingham: J. Farmer Press, 1837.

May, Samuel Joseph. "An Address delivered by Rev. S. J. May, at the Opening of a New and Highly Improved District Schoolhouse in Hanover, Massachusetts, June 20, 1839," Common School Journal, II, pp. 218-224.

May, Samuel Joseph. "The Importance of Our Common Schools" The Lectures Delivered Before the American Institute of Instruction at Pittsfield, August 15, 16, 17, 1843. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Co., 1844.

May, Samuel Joseph. "The Education of the Faculties and the Proper Employment of Young Children." The Lectures Delivered Before the American Institute of Instruction at Plymouth, August, 1846. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Co., 1847.

May, Samuel Joseph. The Rights and Condition of Women, Considered in the Church of the Messiah, November 8, 1846. Syracuse: Stoddard and Babcock, 1846.

May, Samuel Joseph. Jesus. the best Teacher of his Religion. A Discourse Delivered Before the Graduating Class of the Cambridge Theological School. Boston: William Crosby and H. P. Nichols, 1847.

May, Samuel Joseph. "Letter from the Rev. S. J. May to the Woman’s Rights Convention, October, 1850," Letter from Angelina Grimke Weld to the Woman’s Rights Convention Held at Syracuse, September, 1852. Syracuse: Master’s Print, 1852.

May, Samuel Joseph. "Capital Punishment: Six Reasons Why It Should Be Abolished," New York Tribune, July 25, 1851.

May, Samuel Joseph. "Dedicatory Sermon, Church of the Messiah, Preached by Samuel J. May, April 14, 1853," included in Saddington, Helen, and Walsh, Elizabeth, Backward Glance O’er Traveled Roads Being an Historical Sketch of May Memorial Church (Unitarian Congregational Society in Syracuse) on the Occasion of Its Centennial Anniversary 1838-1938, October, 1938, Syracuse, New York. Syracuse. New York. Syracuse: Central Printing Co., 1938.

May, Samuel Joseph. The Revival of Education, An Address to the Normal Association. Bridgewater, Massachusetts. August 8 1855. Syracuse: J. G. K. Truair, 1855.

May, Samuel Joseph. Memoir of Cyrus Peirce. First Principal of the First State Normal School in the United States . Hartford: F. C. Brownell, 1857.

May, Samuel Joseph. What Do Unitarians Believe? Albany: Weed, Parsons, and Co., 1860.

May, Samuel Joseph. Memorial of the Quarter-Centennial Celebration of the Establishment of Normal Schools in America Held at Framingham, July 1. 1864. Boston: C. C. Moody, 1866.

May, Samuel Joseph. A Brief Account of His Ministry given in A Discourse Preached to the Church of the Messiah in Syracuse, New York, September 15, 1867 (by Samuel J. May). Syracuse: Masters and Lee, 1867

May, Samuel Joseph. Some Recollections of our Antislavery Conflict. Boston: Fields, 0sgood and Company, 1869.

Secondary Sources

Books

Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women. New York: Little, Brown, and Co., 1868.

Bayles, Richard M. (ed). The History of Windham County, Connecticut. New York: W. W. Preston and Co., 1889.

Brooks, Van Wyck. The Flowering of New England. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co., 1936.

Bruce, Dwight, E. (ed.). Memorial History of the City of Syracuse. Syracuse: H. P. Smith and Co., 1891.

Butts, R. Freeman and Cremin, Lawrence, A. A History of Education in American Culture. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1953.

Chase, Franklin H. Syracuse and Its Environs. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1924.

Cooke, George Willis. Unitarianism in America . Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1902.

Cremin, Lawrence, A. (ed.). The Republic and the School: Horace Mann on the Education of Free Men. New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers’ College, Columbia University, 1957.

Cremin, Lawrence, A. The Transformation of the School. New York: Alfred H. Knopf, 1957.

Cresson, W. P. James Monroe. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1946.

Cross, Whitney R. The Burned-Over District. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1950.

Cubberly, E. P. Public Education in the United States . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1919.

Curti, Merle. The Growth of American Thought (2^nd Ed.). New York: Harper and Bros., 1951.

Curti, Merle. The Social Ideas of American Educators. New York: Scribner, 1935.

Donald, David. Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1960.

Donald, David. Lincoln Reconsidered. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956.

Eliot, Samuel A. A Sketch of the History of Harvard College and of Its Present State. Boston: C. C. Little and J. Brown, 1848.

Fox, Early Lee. The American Colonization Society. 1817-1840 (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Vol. XXXVII). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1919.

Frothingham, Octavius Brooks. Transcendentalism in New England.. A History. New York: Harper and Bros., Harper Torchbook Edition, 1959.

Harlow, R. V. Gerrit Smith, Philanthropist and Reformer. New York: Henry Holt and Sons, 1939.

Hewitt, W. P. H. (ed.). History of the Diocese of Syracuse. Syracuse: Catholic Sun Press, 1909.

Historical Register of Harvard College, 1636-1936. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1937.

Hofstadter, Richard. Anti-Intellectualism in American Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Hurd, D. Hamilton (ed.). History of Plymouth County, Massachusetts. Philadelphia: J. L. Lewis, 1884.

Jackson, Sidney. America’s Struggle for Free Schools. New York: American Council on Public Affairs, 1941.

May, Samuel, Jr. A Genealogy of the Descendants of John May Who Came from England to Roxbury in 1610. Boston: Franklin Press, 1878.

Merrill, Walter M. Against Wind and Tide: A Biography of William Lloyd Garrison. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963.

Miller, Perry (ed.). The American Transcendentalists. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, .1957.

Morison, Samuel Eliot. Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636-1936.Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936.

Randall, S. S. A Digest of the Common School System of the State of New York. Albany: Van Benthuysen & Co., 1844.

Ruchames, Louis. The Abolitionists. New York: Putnam's Sons, 1963.

Schlesinger, Arthur. The American as Reformer. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950.

Schlesinger, Arthur. The Age of Jackson. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1945.

Schwartz, Harold. Samuel Gridley Howe, Social Reformer (Harvard Historical Studies, Vol. LXVII). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956.

Shepard, Odell. Pedlar's Progress, the Life of Bronson Alcott. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1937.

Smith, Edward. A History of the Schools of Syracuse to January 1, 1893. Syracuse: C. W. Bardeen, 1893.

Tharp, Louise Hall The Peabody Sisters of Salem. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1953.

Thursfield, Richard E. Henry Barnard’s American Journal of Education (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, Vol. LXIII.) Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1945.

Wells, Anna Mary. Dear Preceptor: The Life and Times of Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin Company, 1963.

Wilbur, Earl Morse. Our Unitarian Heritage, An Introduction to the History of the Unitarian Movement. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1925.

Winslow, Ola Elizabeth. Samuel Sewall of Boston. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1964.

Wolf, Hazel. On Freedom’s Altar – The Martyr Complex in the Abolition Movement. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1952.

Woodring, Paul. A Fourth of a Nation. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1957.

Articles

Croft, Frank. "Phrenology Had All the Answers," McLean's Magazine, Vol. 73(September 24), 1960, pp. 26-28.

Durocher, Leo and Linn, Edward O "Candid Memories of Leo Durocher," Saturday Evening Post, V. 236( May 11, 1963), pp. 21+.

Graves, Frank P. "History of the State Education Department," in Flick, Alexander C. (ed.), History of the State of New York (10 vols.). New York: Columbia University Press, 1933-1937, IX, pp. 3-43.

Merrill, Walter M. "A Passionate Attachment: William Lloyd Garrison's Courtship of Helen Eliza Benson," New England Quarterly, XXIX(June), 1956.

Smith, James H. "The 'Separate but Equal' Doctrine: An Abolitionist Discusses Racial Segregation and Educational Policy During the Civil War," Journal of Negro History, XLI(April), 1956, pp. 138-147.

Sperry, Willard L. "A Beautiful Enmity," in Williams, George Huntston (ed.). The Harvard Divinity School. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1954, pp. 148-164.

Wright, Conrad. "The Early Period (1811-40)," in Williams, George Huntston (ed.). The Harvard Divinity School. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1954, pp. 21-76.

Unpublished Material

Burdick, Emma Smith. "Edward Smith, Syracuse Schoolmaster." Unpublished Master's Thesis, Department of Education, Syracuse University, 1940.

Galpin, H Freeman. "Samuel Joseph May, God's Chore Boy." Unpublished Ms., Syracuse University Archives.

Schweizer, Marion F. "Samuel Joseph May, 1845-1855." Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Department of History, Syracuse University, 1934.

Other Sources

Personal interview with Dr. Martha May Eliot, April 1, 1959. Notes of interview in possession of author.

Personal interview with Katharine May Wilkinson, May 9, 1956. Notes of interview in possession of author.

Bibliographical Data

Name: Catherine L. Covert
Date and Place of Birth: October 30, 1923, Decatur, Indiana
High School: Freeport High School, Freeport, Illinois. Graduated, 1941
College: State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, B.A., 1945